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BackgroundSome studies conducted in the United Kingdom have shown long-term associations between paternal involvement in childcare and adolescents' mental health issues. However, findings were inconsistent, and similar epidemiologic studies have not been conducted in other countries in Europe or Asia. Thus, we aimed to examine this association using Japanese population-based cohort study data. Met
•The paper finds that holding a copy of a book in the public libraries could reduce the sales of the book in the local bookstores by using a title-municipality-month-level panel data of book sales and library copies. •The displacement effects are larger for relatively popular books: a library copy reduces the local sales by 0.24 copies per month for the top 1/6 titles and 0.52 copies for bestselle
Despite recent concerns about data quality, various academic fields rely increasingly on crowdsourced samples. Thus, the goal of this study was to systematically assess carelessness in a crowdsourced sample (N = 394) by applying various measures and detection methods. A Latent Profile Analysis revealed that 45.9% of the participants showed some form of careless behavior. Excluding these participan
Advanced integration of logistics systems has been promoted for competitiveness and sustainability. Interconnection of transport operations increases complexity at a network level, which reduces the predictability of the response of the system to disruptions. However, our understanding of the behavior of such systems is still limited. In particular, the topology of the network, which changes as th
The rapid accumulation of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that enabled its outbreak raises questions as to whether its proximal origin occurred in humans or another mammalian host. Here, we identified 45 point mutations that Omicron acquired since divergence from the B.1.1 lineage. We found that the Omicron spike protein sequence was subjected to stronger positive selection than that o
•First within-subject study design to analyse this topic. •Providing slides to students impacts negatively on their academic performance. •The slide availability adversely impacts on the students' free attendance to class. •Students' academic engagement and study strategies modulated student performance. •The slides are a supplement created by teachers for teaching. PowerPoint is a basic tool for
This paper shows that municipalities compete excessively for donations under a unique program called Furusato Nozei (Tax payment to hometown) in Japan. Under the program, people make donations to their favorite municipalities and municipalities that have received donations give reciprocal gifts in return. This causes governments to compete for donations by setting “return rates” — the value of a g
At a time when pseudoscience threatens the survival of communities, understanding this vulnerability, and how to reduce it, is paramount. Four preregistered experiments (N = 532, N = 472, N = 605, N = 382) with online U.S. samples introduced false claims concerning a (fictional) virus created as a bioweapon, mirroring conspiracy theories about COVID-19, and carcinogenic effects of GMOs (Geneticall
In this article we hypothesise that intelligence, and its associated abilities, can be understood as subserving the maximisation of reward. Accordingly, reward is enough to drive behaviour that exhibits abilities studied in natural and artificial intelligence, including knowledge, learning, perception, social intelligence, language, generalisation and imitation. This is in contrast to the view tha
We study partner preferences for education and attractiveness by conducting a field experiment in a large online dating market. Fictitious profiles with manipulated levels of education and photo attractiveness send random invitations for a serious relationship to real online daters. We find that men and women prefer attractive over unattractive profiles, regardless of own attractiveness. We also f
The protracted political dispute between South Korea and Japan over the wartime brothels called “comfort stations” obscures the contractual dynamics involved. These dynamics reflected the straightforward logic of the “credible commitments” so basic to elementary game theory. The brothel owners and potential prostitutes faced a problem: the brothel needed credibly to commit to a contractual structu
We discuss model and forecast combination in time series forecasting. A foundational Bayesian perspective based on agent opinion analysis theory defines a new framework for density forecast combination, and encompasses several existing forecast pooling methods. We develop a novel class of dynamic latent factor models for time series forecast synthesis; simulation-based computation enables implemen
•Conventional tests of the Dunning-Kruger hypothesis are shown to be confounded. •The Glejser test is argued to be a valid test of the Dunning-Kruger hypothesis. •Nonlinear regression is argued to be a valid test of the Dunning-Kruger hypothesis. •Failed to identify the Dunning-Kruger effect with IQ data and both valid tests. The Dunning-Kruger hypothesis states that the degree to which people can
•Ivermectin is an inhibitor of the COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. •A single treatment able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in virus at 48 h in cell culture. •Ivermectin is FDA-approved for parasitic infections, and therefore has a potential for repurposing. •Ivermectin is widely available, due to its inclusion on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Although several clinical
There is currently an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). More than 16% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the fatality ratio was 1%–2%. No specific treatment has been reported. Her
•Students do not learn more from professors with higher student evaluation of teaching (SET) ratings. •Previus meta-analyses of SET/learning correlations in multisection studies are not interprettable. •Re-analyses of previous meta-analyses of multisection studies indicate that SET ratings explain at most 1% of variability in measures of student learning. •New meta-analyses of multisection studies
•Species differ in neurobiological and behavioural responses to substances of abuse. •Selective breeding leads to changes in addiction-related neurobiology and behaviour. •Comparative genomics indicates that humans have self-domesticated. •There is overlap of genes implicated in human domestication and addiction propensity. Humans are more vulnerable to addiction in comparison to all other mammals
In three experimental studies, we found that witnessing rudeness enacted by an authority figure (Studies 1 and 3) and a peer (Study 2) reduced observers’ performance on routine tasks as well as creative tasks. In all three studies we also found that witnessing rudeness decreased citizenship behaviors and increased dysfunctional ideation. Negative affect mediated the relationships between witnessin
We explore the specification and the automated deployment of a monitoring infrastructure in a container-based distributed system. This result shows that highly customizable monitoring infrastructures can be effectively provided as a service, and that a key step in this process is the definition of an expandable abstract model for them. So we start defining a simple model of the monitoring infrastr
We review the salient evidence consistent with or predicted by the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology. Much of this physical and biological evidence is multifactorial. One particular focus are the recent studies which date the emergence of the complex retroviruses of vertebrate lines at or just before the Cambrian Explosion of ∼500 Ma. Such viruses are known to be plaus
•A large-scale epidemiological study on HPV vaccination and reported post vaccination symptoms was performed. •Age-adjusted analyses found no significant association between HPV vaccines and occurrence of the 24 reported symptoms. •Increased odds of hospital visits for some symptoms is unlikely to be due to any biological association. Nagoya City introduced free HPV vaccination in 2010 and in Apri
•A potential association between a hyperbrain (high IQ) and a hyperbody was examined. •Those with high IQ had higher risk for psychological disorders (RR 1.20 - 223.08). •High IQ was associated with higher risk for physiological diseases (RR 1.84 - 4.33). •Findings lend substantial support to a hyper brain/hyper body theory. High intelligence is touted as being predictive of positive outcomes incl
There have been fundamental changes in the way children and adolescents with mental retardation are viewed and treated. And, in the years to come, we will see significant advances in treatment and prevention efforts that will be unprecedented in the history of this field. Leading the way will be biomedical discoveries about the nature of the differing forms of mental retardation and our ability to
•Suspicious trades on a Bitcoin currency exchange are linked to rises in the exchange rate. •A single actor likely drove the USD/BTC exchange rate from $150 to $1000 in 2 months. •Trading volume on all exchanges increased greatly on days with suspicious activity. •Unregulated cryptocurrency markets remain vulnerable to manipulation today. To its proponents, the cryptocurrency Bitcoin offers the po
•Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) has been widely used for 50 years. •PSHA rests on assumptions now known to conflict with earthquake physics. •Many damaging earthquakes occur in regions rated low-risk by PSHA hazard maps. •Seismologists and engineers should clearly acknowledge PSHA’s shortcomings. •Reliance on PSHA for decisions that affect public safety should cease. Even though it h
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