RIETI Discussion Paper Series 02-J-014 RIETI Discussion Paper Series 02-J-0014 3 GDP Maddion GDP Maddison 1 1 1 Williamson (1998) 1913 Maddison (1995) GDP Williamson and O Rourke (1999) 2 3 4 5 ) 1 )( 1 ( * * α θ α − − N w w P P T T 6 2 Bennett (1951) multiple indicator approach 1934 36 1 0.324 0.569 Toda (1990) 1913 7 8 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ = = = J n J n i n J n J n J n J n J n i