time — Time access and conversions
time — Time access and conversions¶ This module provides various time-related functions. For related functionality, see also the datetime and calendar modules. Although this module is always available, not all functions are available on all platforms. Most of the functions defined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. It may sometimes be helpful to consult the platfo
threading — Thread-based parallelism
threading — Thread-based parallelism¶ Source code: Lib/threading.py This module constructs higher-level threading interfaces on top of the lower level _thread module. Changed in version 3.7: This module used to be optional, it is now always available. See also concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor offers a higher level interface to push tasks to a background thread without blocking execution of th
venv — Creation of virtual environments
Source code: Lib/venv/ The venv module supports creating lightweight “virtual environments”, each with their own independent set of Python packages installed in their site directories. A virtual environment is created on top of an existing Python installation, known as the virtual environment’s “base” Python, and may optionally be isolated from the packages in the base environment, so only those e
Sorting HOW TO — Python 3.7.1 documentation
Sorting Techniques¶ Author: Andrew Dalke and Raymond Hettinger Python lists have a built-in list.sort() method that modifies the list in-place. There is also a sorted() built-in function that builds a new sorted list from an iterable. In this document, we explore the various techniques for sorting data using Python. Sorting Basics¶ A simple ascending sort is very easy: just call the sorted() funct
8.1. datetime — 基本的な日付型および時間型 — Python 3.6.5 ドキュメント
datetime — Basic date and time types¶ Source code: Lib/datetime.py The datetime module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times. While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and manipulation. See also Module calendarGeneral calendar related functions. Module timeTime access and conversions. Module z
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces¶ Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see open(), if you want to manipulate paths, see the os.path module, and if you want to read all the lines in all the files on the command line see the fileinput module. For creating temporary files an
pprint — Data pretty printer
pprint — Data pretty printer¶ Source code: Lib/pprint.py The pprint module provides a capability to “pretty-print” arbitrary Python data structures in a form which can be used as input to the interpreter. If the formatted structures include objects which are not fundamental Python types, the representation may not be loadable. This may be the case if objects such as files, sockets or classes are i
configparser — Configuration file parser
configparser — Configuration file parser¶ Source code: Lib/configparser.py This module provides the ConfigParser class which implements a basic configuration language which provides a structure similar to what’s found in Microsoft Windows INI files. You can use this to write Python programs which can be customized by end users easily. Note This library does not interpret or write the value-type pr
8. Errors and Exceptions
8. Errors and Exceptions¶ Until now error messages haven’t been more than mentioned, but if you have tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. 8.1. Syntax Errors¶ Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python: >>>
base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings¶ Source code: Lib/base64.py This module provides functions for encoding binary data to printable ASCII characters and decoding such encodings back to binary data. It provides encoding and decoding functions for the encodings specified in RFC 4648, which defines the Base16, Base32, and Base64 algorithms, and for the de-facto standard Ascii85 an
subprocess — Subprocess management
Availability: not Emscripten, not WASI. This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms wasm32-emscripten and wasm32-wasi. See WebAssembly platforms for more information. Using the subprocess Module¶ The recommended approach to invoking subprocesses is to use the run() function for all use cases it can handle. For more advanced use cases, the underlying Popen interface can b
1. Command line and environment — Python 2.7.18 documentation
1.1.1. Interface options¶ The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell, but provides some additional methods of invocation: When called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for commands and executes them until an EOF (an end-of-file character, you can produce that with Ctrl-D on UNIX or Ctrl-Z, Enter on Windows) is read. When called with a file name argument or w
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